{"id":23793,"date":"2024-08-31T01:01:28","date_gmt":"2024-08-30T17:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/?p=23793"},"modified":"2024-08-31T06:11:16","modified_gmt":"2024-08-30T22:11:16","slug":"how-does-the-electrical-conductivity-of-api","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/ar\/how-does-the-electrical-conductivity-of-api\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_50 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-6a675dda244a4\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6a675dda244a4\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/ar\/how-does-the-electrical-conductivity-of-api\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_API\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u00a0API\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u00a0API<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/ar\/how-does-the-electrical-conductivity-of-api\/#%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A9%D8%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_API_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_ASTM_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_API_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%89_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1%D9%8B_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%8C_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_ASTM_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A3_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B5_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87_%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_API_%D9%88ASTM_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%8C_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%82_%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B2_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83%D8%8C_%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%84%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9%D8%8C_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%84%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83%D8%8C_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%AE%D8%B0_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_API_%D9%88ASTM_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9%D8%8C_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9%D9%8B_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AD_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83%D8%8C_%D9%81%D8%A5%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%8C_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%82%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A4_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9%D8%8C_%D9%81%D8%A5%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_ASTM_%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83%D8%8C_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_API%D8%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A2%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83%D8%8C_%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B8_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_API_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_ASTM_%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%8C_%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%8C_%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%8C_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B0_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%85%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA\" title=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API (\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f). \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644.\n\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0648ASTM \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0648ASTM.\n\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.\n\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628. . \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API (\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f). \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644.\n\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0648ASTM \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0648ASTM.\n\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.\n\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628. . \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/ar\/how-does-the-electrical-conductivity-of-api\/#Factors_Affecting_Electrical_Conductivity_in_Pipes\" title=\"Factors Affecting Electrical Conductivity in Pipes\">Factors Affecting Electrical Conductivity in Pipes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 id=\"electrical-conductivity-of-api-pipes-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_API\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 <strong>\u00a0API<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\n\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API<\/p>\n<div class=\"entry-content-asset videofit\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"oil casing,casing process,oilfield casing,casing oilfield,casing an oil well,oil well casing\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rr_qoUKWGrw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0639 API\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 ASTM\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0648ASTM \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. . \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 . \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/L80-API-5CT-Casing-4.jpg\" alt=\"alt-944\" class=\"wp-image-944\" id=\"i944\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"comparison-of-astm-pipes-and-api-pipes-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A9%D8%8C_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_API_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_ASTM_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_API_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9_%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%89_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1%D9%8B_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%8C_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_ASTM_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A3_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89%D8%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B5_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87_%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_API_%D9%88ASTM_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%8C_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%82_%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B2_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83%D8%8C_%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%84%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9%D8%8C_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%84%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83%D8%8C_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A4%D8%AE%D8%B0_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_API_%D9%88ASTM_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9%D8%8C_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9%D9%8B_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AB_%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AD_%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83%D8%8C_%D9%81%D8%A5%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%8C_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%82%D8%AF_%D9%8A%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A4_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9%D8%8C_%D9%81%D8%A5%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_ASTM_%D9%82%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83%D8%8C_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AE%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_API%D8%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A2%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%86_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83%D8%8C_%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B8_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%8C_%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_API_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_ASTM_%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%8C_%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B0%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%8B%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%8C_%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85_%D9%87%D8%B0%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%8C_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B0_%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%85%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%A4%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA\"><\/span>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API (\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f). \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0648ASTM \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0648ASTM.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628. . \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\nWhen examining the electrical conductivity of API pipes in comparison to ASTM pipes, it is essential to understand the fundamental differences in their design, <a href=\"\/tag\/material\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Material<\/strong><\/a> composition, and intended applications. API, or the American Petroleum Institute, sets standards primarily for the <a href=\"\/tag\/oil-and-gas\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"\/tag\/oil\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>oil<\/strong><\/a> and Gas<\/strong><\/a> industry, focusing on the specific requirements of drilling, production, and transportation of petroleum products. In contrast, ASTM, which stands for the American Society for Testing and Materials, provides a broader range of standards applicable to various materials and products across multiple industries, including construction, manufacturing, and transportation.<\/p>\n<p>One of the key factors influencing electrical conductivity in pipes is the material from which they are made. API pipes are typically constructed from <a href=\"\/tag\/carbon-steel\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Carbon steel<\/strong><\/a>, which is known for its strength and durability in high-pressure environments. This material, while robust, can exhibit varying levels of electrical conductivity depending on its alloying elements and the manufacturing process. On the other hand, ASTM pipes can be made from a wider variety of materials, including <a href=\"\/tag\/stainless-steel\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Stainless steel<\/strong><\/a>, copper, and plastic composites. Each of these materials has distinct electrical properties, which can significantly affect their conductivity. For instance, stainless steel, while resistant to corrosion, generally has lower electrical conductivity compared to copper, which is often used in applications requiring high conductivity.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, the manufacturing processes for API and ASTM pipes can also lead to differences in electrical conductivity. API pipes are often subjected to rigorous testing and quality control measures to ensure they meet the specific demands of the oil and gas industry. This includes considerations for factors such as <a href=\"\/tag\/wall-thickness\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Wall thickness<\/strong><\/a>, tensile strength, and resistance to corrosion. In contrast, ASTM pipes may undergo different testing protocols depending on their intended use, which can result in variations in their electrical properties. For example, ASTM standards may focus more on the mechanical properties of the material rather than its electrical characteristics, leading to a potential disparity in conductivity between the two types of pipes.<\/p>\n<p>In practical applications, the differences in electrical conductivity can have significant implications. For instance, in the oil and gas industry, the ability of API pipes to conduct electricity can affect the performance of cathodic protection systems, which are designed to prevent corrosion by using electrical currents. If the electrical conductivity of API pipes is lower than that of ASTM pipes, it may necessitate adjustments in the design and implementation of these protection systems to ensure their effectiveness. Conversely, in applications where high conductivity is essential, such as in electrical conduits or grounding systems, ASTM pipes made from highly conductive materials may be preferred.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, the environmental conditions in which these pipes operate can also influence their electrical conductivity. Factors such as temperature, humidity, and the presence of corrosive substances can alter the conductivity of the materials over time. API pipes, often exposed to harsh conditions in the oil and gas sector, may experience changes in conductivity due to corrosion or other environmental factors. In contrast, ASTM pipes used in less demanding environments may maintain their conductivity more consistently.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, while both API and ASTM pipes serve critical roles in their respective industries, their electrical conductivity can differ significantly due to variations in material composition, manufacturing processes, and environmental influences. Understanding these differences is crucial for engineers and industry professionals when selecting the appropriate type of <a href=\"\/tag\/pipe\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><strong> Pipe<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> for specific applications, ensuring optimal performance and longevity in their use.<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"factors-affecting-electrical-conductivity-in-pipes-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Factors_Affecting_Electrical_Conductivity_in_Pipes\"><\/span>Factors Affecting Electrical Conductivity in Pipes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\nThe electrical conductivity of pipes is a critical factor in various industrial applications, particularly in the context of API (American Petroleum Institute) pipes and ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) pipes. Understanding the factors that influence electrical conductivity in these types of pipes is essential for engineers and professionals in the field. One of the primary factors affecting electrical conductivity is the material composition of the pipes. API pipes are typically made from carbon steel, which has a specific conductivity level that can vary based on the alloying elements present. In contrast, ASTM pipes may be constructed from a wider range of materials, including stainless steel and other alloys, which can exhibit different conductivity characteristics. The presence of alloying elements such as chromium, nickel, and molybdenum can significantly alter the electrical properties of the material, leading to variations in conductivity.<\/p>\n<p>Another important factor to consider is the manufacturing process of the pipes. The method used to produce API and ASTM pipes can influence their microstructure, which in turn affects their electrical conductivity. For instance, processes such as welding, casting, and forging can introduce different grain structures and phases within the material. These microstructural differences can create barriers to electron flow, thereby impacting the overall conductivity of the pipes. Additionally, the surface finish of the pipes plays a crucial role in determining their electrical conductivity. A smoother surface can reduce the resistance encountered by electrons as they move through the material, while a rougher surface may increase resistance and decrease conductivity. Therefore, the manufacturing techniques employed and the resulting surface characteristics must be taken into account when comparing the electrical conductivity of API and ASTM pipes.<\/p>\n<p>Temperature is another significant factor that affects electrical conductivity. As the temperature of a material increases, its electrical conductivity typically increases as well. This phenomenon occurs because higher temperatures provide more energy to the electrons, allowing them to move more freely through the material. However, the relationship between temperature and conductivity can vary depending on the specific material composition and structure of the pipes. For example, while carbon steel may exhibit a predictable increase in conductivity with temperature, certain alloys used in ASTM pipes may behave differently, necessitating careful consideration of temperature effects in practical applications.<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, the presence of impurities and contaminants can also influence the electrical conductivity of pipes. Impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, and other foreign materials can disrupt the electron flow within the metal matrix, leading to decreased conductivity. This is particularly relevant in the context of API pipes, which are often used in environments where exposure to corrosive substances is common. The accumulation of such contaminants can significantly impact the long-term performance and reliability of the pipes. Therefore, maintaining material purity is essential for ensuring optimal electrical conductivity.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, the electrical conductivity of API pipes compared to ASTM pipes is influenced by a multitude of factors, including material composition, manufacturing processes, temperature, and the presence of impurities. Each of these elements plays a vital role in determining how well electricity can flow through the pipes, which is crucial for their performance in various applications. By understanding these factors, professionals can make informed decisions regarding the selection and use of pipes in their respective industries, ultimately leading to enhanced efficiency and safety in operations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u00a0<strong>\u00a0API<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 API \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 ASTM\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1470,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[3303,586,1315,1299,322,82,3700,1301,562,2279,1306,2289,81,85,1310,1312,1313],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.0","language":"ar","enabled_languages":["en","ar","zh","nl","fr","de","hi","id","it","ja","ko","pt","ru","es","th","tr","vi"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ar":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ko":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"th":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"vi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23793"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23793"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23793\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}