{"id":29662,"date":"2024-09-29T00:30:02","date_gmt":"2024-09-28T16:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/?p=29662"},"modified":"2024-09-29T05:20:08","modified_gmt":"2024-09-28T21:20:08","slug":"how-does-the-creep-resistance-of-api-pipes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/how-does-the-creep-resistance-of-api-pipes\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng API so v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng ASTM nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_50 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-6a6be424850ad\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6a6be424850ad\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/how-does-the-creep-resistance-of-api-pipes\/#Dac_tinh_chong_rao_cua_ong_API\" title=\"\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng \u00a0API\">\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng \u00a0API<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/how-does-the-creep-resistance-of-api-pipes\/#Bien_dang_rao_cua_ong_ASTM\" title=\"Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ASTM\">Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ASTM<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/how-does-the-creep-resistance-of-api-pipes\/#Phan_tich_so_sanh_kha_nang_chong_rao_giua_ong_API_va_ASTM\" title=\"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o gi\u1eefa \u1ed1ng API v\u00e0 ASTM\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o gi\u1eefa \u1ed1ng API v\u00e0 ASTM<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 id=\"creep-resistance-characteristics-of-api-pipes-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dac_tinh_chong_rao_cua_ong_API\"><\/span>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng <strong>\u00a0API<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u01a1i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i theo th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng API (Vi\u1ec7n D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3) v\u00e0 ASTM (Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Hoa K\u1ef3), l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ed0ng API, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ch\u00fang tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t do API \u0111\u1eb7t ra, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng API l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb th\u00e9p carbon v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u1ed1ng ASTM bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1ed1ng ASTM c\u0169ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao hay c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>Khi so s\u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng API v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng ASTM, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng . Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng API th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng API kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y khi ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u1ed1ng ASTM cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t. l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u1ed1ng ASTM cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u1ed1ng API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a API v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng API lu\u00f4n \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 \u1ed1ng API v\u00e0 ASTM \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng API n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa \u1ed1ng API v\u00e0 ASTM, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"creep-behavior-of-astm-pipes-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bien_dang_rao_cua_ong_ASTM\"><\/span>Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ASTM<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m \u1ed1ng d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng duy tr\u00ec trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ea3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API (Vi\u1ec7n D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3) v\u00e0 ASTM (Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Hoa K\u1ef3) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng API so v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng ASTM \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ASTM, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u00e0nh vi leo \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng theo th\u1eddi gian khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u0103m d\u00f2, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i. \u1ed0ng API ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>So s\u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng API v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng ASTM bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM th\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00e3o khi\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng duy tr\u00ec \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ee9t. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00e3o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t do hydro g\u00e2y ra, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed chua\\\u2014t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng trong ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00edch c\u1ee1 \u1ed1ng d\u1ea7uS\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa API v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng ASTM th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, trong khi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u1ea3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API v\u00e0 ASTM \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00e2ng cao ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API v\u00e0 ASTM \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo ng\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"comparative-analysis-of-creep-resistance-between-api-and-astm-pipes-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Phan_tich_so_sanh_kha_nang_chong_rao_giua_ong_API_va_ASTM\"><\/span>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o gi\u1eefa \u1ed1ng API v\u00e0 ASTM<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\nTrong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng API (Vi\u1ec7n D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng ASTM (Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Hoa K\u1ef3), l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>Creep, trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo theo th\u1eddi gian khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API v\u00e0 ASTM cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<div class=\"entry-content-asset videofit\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"oil casing,casing process,oilfield casing,casing oilfield,casing an oil well,oil well casing\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rr_qoUKWGrw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>\u1ed0ng API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng API th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng qua th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ngay c\u1ea3 khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u1ed1ng ASTM c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i chung. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ASTM bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, cho ph\u00e9p l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u linh ho\u1ea1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ASTM thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p kim cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng r\u00e3o trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n<p>So s\u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng API v\u00e0 ASTM bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh. \u1ed0ng API, do \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p kim cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh luy\u1ec7n kim c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o. Nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng theo chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/T95-01.jpg\">\\\\t\\\\tNg\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u1ed1ng ASTM mang \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u01a1n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ASTM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng API trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng ASTM \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng ASTM v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200b\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 &#8220;Ngo\u00e0i ra&#8221;, &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i&#8221; v\u00e0 &#8220;H\u01a1n n\u1eefa&#8221;, gi\u00fap h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng API v\u00e0 ASTM v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngo\u00e0i chi ph\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u1ea3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API v\u00e0 ASTM \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa \u1ed1ng API v\u00e0 ASTM ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng mong mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API v\u00e0 ASTM, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng \u00a0<strong>\u00a0API<\/strong> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng r\u00e3o l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1488,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[562,3706,1306,2289,212,81,306,6771,85,386],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.0","language":"vi","enabled_languages":["en","ar","zh","nl","fr","de","hi","id","it","ja","ko","pt","ru","es","th","tr","vi"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ar":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ko":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"th":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"vi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29662"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29662"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29662\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}