{"id":32630,"date":"2024-10-14T01:10:58","date_gmt":"2024-10-13T17:10:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/?p=32630"},"modified":"2024-10-14T04:02:50","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T20:02:50","slug":"what-are-the-disparities-between-api-and","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/what-are-the-disparities-between-api-and\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u1ed1ng API v\u00e0 ASTM l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_50 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\" role=\"button\"><label for=\"item-6a688c3b20bee\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span style=\"display: flex;align-items: center;width: 35px;height: 30px;justify-content: center;direction:ltr;\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/label><input  type=\"checkbox\" id=\"item-6a688c3b20bee\"><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/what-are-the-disparities-between-api-and\/#Su_khac_biet_chinh_trong_tieu_chuan_san_xuat_Ong_API_tuan_theo_cac_thong_so_ky_thuat_do_Vien_Dau_khi_Hoa_Ky_dat_ra_tap_trung_vao_cac_yeu_cau_doi_voi_nganh_dau_khi_Ong_ASTM_tuan_thu_cac_tieu_chuan_do_ASTM_International_phat_trien_bao_gom_nhieu_ung_dung_cong_nghiep_khac_nhau_ngoai_dau_khi\" title=\"S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t: \u1ed0ng \u00a0API tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt do Vi\u1ec7n D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. \u1ed0ng ASTM tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n do ASTM International ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t: \u1ed0ng \u00a0API tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt do Vi\u1ec7n D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. \u1ed0ng ASTM tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n do ASTM International ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/what-are-the-disparities-between-api-and\/#Thong_so_ky_thuat_ve_vat_lieu_va_cap_do_Ong_API_thuong_su_dung_vat_lieu_phu_hop_voi_moi_truong_ap_suat_cao_va_an_mon_dien_hinh_trong_hoat_dong_dau_khi_Ong_ASTM_bao_gom_nhieu_loai_vat_lieu_va_cap_do_khac_nhau_duoc_dieu_chinh_cho_cac_ung_dung_da_dang_bao_gom_xay_dung_co_so_ha_tang_va_san_xuat\" title=\"Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9: \u1ed0ng API th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. \u1ed0ng ASTM bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\">Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9: \u1ed0ng API th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. \u1ed0ng ASTM bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 id=\"key-differences-in-manufacturing-standards-api-pipes-follow-specifications-set-by-the-american-petroleum-institute-focusing-on-requirements-for-the-oil-and-gas-industry-astm-pipes-adhere-to-standar-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Su_khac_biet_chinh_trong_tieu_chuan_san_xuat_Ong_API_tuan_theo_cac_thong_so_ky_thuat_do_Vien_Dau_khi_Hoa_Ky_dat_ra_tap_trung_vao_cac_yeu_cau_doi_voi_nganh_dau_khi_Ong_ASTM_tuan_thu_cac_tieu_chuan_do_ASTM_International_phat_trien_bao_gom_nhieu_ung_dung_cong_nghiep_khac_nhau_ngoai_dau_khi\"><\/span>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t: \u1ed0ng <strong>\u00a0API<\/strong> tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt do Vi\u1ec7n D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. \u1ed0ng ASTM tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n do ASTM International ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\nTrong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API (Vi\u1ec7n D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3) v\u00e0 ASTM (ASTM International) l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u1ea3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API v\u00e0 ASTM \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ri\u00eang cho ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe v\u1ec1 th\u0103m d\u00f2, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: API 5L qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t cho ph\u00e9p tr\u00ean th\u00e2n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. ASTM International ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ASTM bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m kim lo\u1ea1i, nh\u1ef1a, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, v.v., v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ASTM A53, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p \u0111en v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm nh\u00fang n\u00f3ng li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>[nh\u00fang]https:\/\/youtube.com\/embed\/TduRWRjxhDo[\/embed]M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa \u1ed1ng API v\u00e0 ASTM n\u1eb1m \u1edf tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd khi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 dung sai k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API v\u00e0 ASTM c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7. Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn API th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t do c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t do ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn, th\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u01a1n trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/J55-Tubing23.jpg\" alt=\"alt-7012\" class=\"wp-image-7012\" id=\"i7012\" \/><\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API v\u00e0 ASTM \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM mang l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ngo\u00e0i l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"-wpaicgheading\"><\/h1>\n<p>\nTrong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt chi ph\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng l\u00e0 API (Vi\u1ec7n D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3) v\u00e0 ASTM (Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Hoa K\u1ef3). M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 API v\u00e0 ASTM \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong khai th\u00e1c, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. \u1ed0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM bao tr\u00f9m ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ASTM r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ASTM cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. \u1ed0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ASTM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng HVAC, khung k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa \u1ed1ng API v\u00e0 ASTM n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh. \u1ed0ng API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y (NDT), ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee7y t\u0129nh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra si\u00eau \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u1ed1ng ASTM ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eeb x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia trong ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o bao qu\u00e1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. \u1ed0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ASTM tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa \u1ed1ng API v\u00e0 ASTM l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u1ed0ng API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: API 5L cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, <a href=\"\/tag\/api-5ct\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>api <strong> 5CT<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> cho v\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp, cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u1ed1ng ASTM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ASTM A53 cho \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p carbon, <a href=\"\/tag\/astm-a106\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>astm a106<\/strong><\/a> cho \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p carbon li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 dung sai k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ASTM cho ph\u00e9p linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API v\u00e0 ASTM \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a API v\u00e0 ASTM, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, trong khi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed th\u00ec c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM l\u1ea1i cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u1ed1ng API v\u00e0 ASTM l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t do ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API v\u00e0 ASTM mang l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"material-and-grade-specifications-api-pipes-often-use-materials-suitable-for-high-pressure-and-corrosive-environments-typical-in-oil-and-gas-operations-astm-pipes-encompass-a-wider-range-of-material-wpaicgheading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thong_so_ky_thuat_ve_vat_lieu_va_cap_do_Ong_API_thuong_su_dung_vat_lieu_phu_hop_voi_moi_truong_ap_suat_cao_va_an_mon_dien_hinh_trong_hoat_dong_dau_khi_Ong_ASTM_bao_gom_nhieu_loai_vat_lieu_va_cap_do_khac_nhau_duoc_dieu_chinh_cho_cac_ung_dung_da_dang_bao_gom_xay_dung_co_so_ha_tang_va_san_xuat\"><\/span>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9: \u1ed0ng API th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. \u1ed0ng ASTM bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>\nTrong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng API (Vi\u1ec7n D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3) v\u00e0 ASTM (Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u Hoa K\u1ef3) l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Hai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ed0ng API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u0103m d\u00f2, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n hydrocarbon. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u1ed1ng API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e9p cacbon, th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u1ed1ng ASTM bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ngo\u00e0i d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m kim lo\u1ea1i, nh\u1ef1a, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho \u1ed1ng ASTM ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c, n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa \u1ed1ng API v\u00e0 ASTM n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ng\u00e0nh so v\u1edbi chung \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t ra, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng API \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hydrocarbon.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u trong t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 hay \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ASTM \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p \u1ed1ng ASTM ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API v\u00e0 ASTM. \u1ed0ng API tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t khi ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau, mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn, c\u1ea3 API v\u00e0 ASTM ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra, ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ni\u1ec1m tin cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API v\u00e0 ASTM ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n API ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ASTM cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t: \u1ed0ng \u00a0<strong>\u00a0API<\/strong> tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt do Vi\u1ec7n D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1457,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1315,6717,6733,1299,1319,82,1301,562,3706,1306,1307,2289,7104,4283,212,81,549,85,252,1310,86],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"2.12.0","language":"vi","enabled_languages":["en","ar","zh","nl","fr","de","hi","id","it","ja","ko","pt","ru","es","th","tr","vi"],"languages":{"en":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ar":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"zh":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"nl":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"de":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"hi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"id":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"it":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ja":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ko":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"pt":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"ru":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"es":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"th":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"tr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false},"vi":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":false}}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32630"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32630"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32630\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32630"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32630"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/petroleumtubes.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32630"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}